The practice of using bile as a substitute for soap, which is also a wetting agent, "was a bit of old folklore. Farben isolated the active ingredient, which it then synthesized and marketed as Igepon to the textile trade. But it was also described as hard to make, expensive, and with physical characteristics that would make it unsuitable for detergent use in the home.
Just then we came to his village and he left. Duncan visited the factory which was producing saturated fatty alcohols by catalytic hydrogenation. The company hoped to sell the finished alkyl sulfate to the textile trade. But, Duncan added in his account, "they had no notion as to what value, if any, it had as detergent for home use but agreed we could have some of the product to study.
Duncan was interested in the German research because traditional soaps did not work well in hard water, where they deposited a residue of scum, or curds. Duncan understood that the properties that made the surface-active agent "surfactant" an effective wetting agent theoretically should make it an effective detergent as well.
One end of this molecule bonds with oils and grease, the other with water: "This two-part characteristic allows the molecule [a surfactant]… to actually pull oils and grease into a water solution. Once that happens, water soluble soils can be washed away. During the summer and early fall of , the research department tried to process the alkyl sulfates into bars, flakes, granules and liquids to determine the best form for potential marketing; and researchers conducted tests on its stability and the quality of the suds the alkyl sulfates produced.
Samples were provided for home tests in an informal consumer survey. Other complications cropped up involving DuPont which had applied for a patent to make fatty alcohols and National Aniline which was interested in marketing alkyl sulfates to U. S textile companies. Both products found a niche in the market, but sales were relatively small.
Dreft in particular represented a breakthrough in detergents since it cleaned clothes in hard water without leaving curds, a significant benefit for those who lived where the water is hard, which is roughly the Midwest to the Rocky Mountains. But the detergent did not clean heavily soiled clothes. But the "builders" left clothes harsh and stiff because the chemicals reacted with the water's hardness to form insoluble, granular deposits that would not rinse away.
Because of its limitations, Dreft without builders remained a useful product, but one with a narrow market appeal—for delicate fabrics and baby clothes. When William Cooper Procter, president of the company from and chairman from , approved "the plan to work on synthetic detergents he remarked 'This may ruin the soap business. The terms soap and detergent are often used interchangeably, but there is a difference. The broadest definition of a detergent is a compound or combination of compounds used for cleaning.
Therefore, all soaps are detergents but not all detergents are soaps. Soaps are generally made from the reaction of animal or vegetable fat oil or glyceride with a base, such as found in wood ashes, to yield a salt of a long chain fatty acid. The long organic chain is hydrophobic, i. The combination in a single molecule gives soap its cleaning power.
Detergents , as used here, are compounds that has been specifically designed and synthesized to have hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts, but it is not derived from animal or vegetable fats, and has cleaning properties equal to or better than any soap. The researchers experimented on the surfactant-builder problem, attempting to develop an alkyl sulfate-based detergent that cleaned heavily soiled clothes without leaving them hard and stiff.
They tried to build the surfactant with different chemicals; they added soaps to synthetic detergents; they mixed and matched formulae, tried them as flakes, granules and liquids, but nothing worked satisfactorily. By the end of the decade, the company had all but given up on developing a heavy-duty synthetic detergent and management began shifting research into other projects.
By the middle of , we still had not come up with a satisfactory, heavy-duty, non-soap product. But his superiors did not see it that way at the time, and management frequently tried to discourage him from working on what became known as Project X. One of the Byerly's superiors, Thomas Halberstadt, later reminisced about Byerly: "I was very fond of Dick but you've got to understand the man to understand what he did… Dick was an obstinate cuss in some ways.
Tenacious as all get out! Dick was that kind of guy. He would get it done. Halberstadt became Byerly's boss in when he assumed responsibility for product development research for soaps.
By that time, research into boosting the cleaning power of synthetic detergents had been put on the back burner. But Byerly wanted to keep experimenting, using superphosphates as the builder. He tried a variant called sodium pyrophosphate, which "cleaned your shirt and mine, but lo and behold, it left the shirt feeling like sandpaper. Byerly regarded Halberstadt cautiously at first, not wanting to reveal his secretive work on synthetic detergents.
By Benna Crawford. Who Invented the Car. Best Rated Washing Machine. By Gabrielle Applebury. Laundry and Fashion. Office Cleaning Contracts. By Mary Gormandy White. Teacher Organization Ideas. How to Clean a Boat Hull. Washing Couch Cushions. Regarding this, where was Tide invented? Beside above, how is Tide laundry detergent made? Tide is made out of surfactant molecules, which have two components - water friendly and anti-water.
The water friendly ingredient is called hydrophilic and breaks the water's surface tension. The anti-water component also known as hydrophobic attracts soils and stains, freeing them from various types of fabrics.
In the United States, the largest factories which process fabric care products are located in Alexandria, Louisiana and Lima, Ohio. Here the company adds all the necessary chemicals for their special blend, then packages the detergent in high-density polyethylene plastic bottles made from petroleum. Tide pods have always kind of smelled like a Tide liquid did and should smell. Now, their " Original Scent " has been gifted with their chemical, sweet, candy perfume nauseating scent.
Dave "Dick" Byerly began to work on a heavy-duty detergent in the 's, but it was 14 years before he created a prototype. In , the first boxes of Tide went on sale and quickly outstripped other detergents on the market. Is Tide detergent banned in Europe? Tide was banned in Europe because it carries high levels of dioxane.
In , consumers needed an easier way to remove tough stains, like food and blood. Thanks to Tide XK, the first US detergent with enzymes, clothes could say goodbye to some of the toughest stains without the previous hassle. With twice the number of ingredients as leading liquid detergents, Liquid Tide made consumers laundry process easier as well as cleaned more effectively.
A new self-draining cap meant consumers no longer had to deal with drips. Just 4 years later, Tide with Bleach was the first detergent with full strength color safe bleach. Then, in , Tide introduced a compact liquid detergent, Ultra Liquid Tide, which cut down on packaging. This gave consumers an even better and more efficient Tide clean.
0コメント