Major deportations to Auschwitz, Item View. Auschwitz environs, summer Auschwitz was the largest camp established by the Germans. Auschwitz I camp, Selected Features 1. Camp Commandant's House 2. Main Guard House 3. Camp Administrative Office 4.
Gestapo 5. Kitchen 7. Gas Chamber and Crematorium 8. Storage Buildings and Workshops 9. Storage of Confiscated Belongings Gravel Pit: Execution Site Camp Orchestra Site Block Punishment Bunker Block Medical Experiments Gallows Block Commander's Barracks SS Hospital Item View.
They each included an undressing room and a gas chamber, both underground, and a crematorium for incinerating the bodies of the murdered. These facilities made the murder of the Jews a far more efficient process.
The extermination reached its peak in the spring and summer of , with the deportation of some , Hungarian Jews to the camp, and the subsequent murder of the majority of the deportees. During this period, the pressure on the extermination machinery was so great that the Germans also reactivated the makeshift gas chambers that had been operating in In tandem with its transformation into a killing center, the economic significance of the Auschwitz camp complex also grew.
The massive I. Farben factory was never completed, but thousands of prisoners were involved in its construction over the years. In addition, other factories were set up at Auschwitz for different products. Additional factories and workshops were built near the camps and prisoners were sent to work in them.
The largest allocation of Auschwitz prisoners was made in the spring of , when some , prisoners from the Auschwitz complex were transferred to the German aircraft industry.
Concrete information about Auschwitz including relatively accurate drawings of its main camps and the extermination facilities only reached the West in the summer of , in the form of the Vrba-Wetzler report. The drawings included in the report are surprisingly accurate. The construction work at the Auschwitz complex continued until November At this point, Himmler gave the order to halt the extermination of the Jews there, and the Germans began to dismantle the extermination facilities in order to conceal all traces of their crime.
Further to an order issued by Himmler at the beginning of November to halt the gassings, the extermination installations were dismantled in November-December , as can be seen in the photograph. We can see the ruins of Crematorium IV, which was destroyed in the Sonderkommando uprising of October 7th, , and the decorative gardens planted at the end of each block in the BII area of the camp, which remained there throughout. The Germans incinerated the camp archives shortly before the Soviets arrived, but missed the construction archive, which was kept in a different building.
As a result, the Soviets found a considerable amount of the technical paperwork — including many of the construction blueprints. On 11 November , a sketch of Birkenau was added to the map. This sketch includes, among other elements, the outlines of the railroad tracks leading into the camp. The tracks were laid only in Spring , along a different route from the one indicated on this map.
From no other extermination camp did so much paperwork survive, including detailed documents about the extermination facilities. The Auschwitz construction blueprints thus constitute extraordinary documentation of the manner in which a major building operation served as a central tool of Nazi extermination policy.
They will be preserved for perpetuity in the Yad Vashem Archives. Farben works. At least 1. Other victims included between 70, and 75, Poles, 21, Roma, and about 15, Soviet prisoners of war. Killing centers also referred to as "extermination camps" or "death camps" were designed to carry out genocide.
Between and , the Nazis established six killing centers in former Polish territory— Chelmno , Belzec , Sobibor , Treblinka , Auschwitz-Birkenau part of the Auschwitz complex , and Majdanek.
Chelmno and Auschwitz were established in areas annexed to Germany in Both Auschwitz and Majdanek functioned as concentration and forced-labor camps as well as killing centers. The overwhelming majority of the victims of the killing centers were Jews. An estimated 3. Other victims included Roma Gypsies and Soviet prisoners of war.
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